Understanding Greenhouse Gases

Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)

Definition: Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat from the Sun, leading to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Common GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O).

Fossil Fuel

Definition: Any hydrocarbon deposit that can be burned for heat or power, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Burning fossil fuels is a major source of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases.

GHG Source

Definition: Something that releases a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. For example, the burning of fossil fuels for energy, transportation, and industrial activities is a major source of GHG emissions.

GHG Sink

Definition: Something that removes a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. Plants, through photosynthesis, absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂), transforming it into organic matter, which makes plants a sink for CO₂.

Global Carbon Budget

Definition: The assessment of global carbon sources (such as fossil fuel emissions) and sinks (such as forests), and the resulting change in atmospheric CO₂ concentration.

Total Carbon Budget

Definition: The maximum amount of net global human-caused CO₂ emissions that would result in limiting global warming to a given level, such as 1.5°C or 2°C above pre-industrial levels.